Nursing Care Plan for Impaired Gas Exchange, Ventilation-perfusion inequality

Assessment	Nursing DX/Clinical Problem	Client Goals/Desired Outcomes/Objectives	Nursing Interventions/Actions/Orders and Rationale	*I	Evaluation
					Goals	Interventions
Subjective: Client reported no trouble breathing, but that she did not intend to leave room until dinner. Objective: Client sat in her wheelchair the entire shift. Did not seem to have labored breathing.	Problem Impaired gas exchange	Long Term: Maintain client comfort by assessing ease of breathing every 4 hrs. Client will report minimal discomfort in breathing efforts.	Nursing student will make hourly rounds to ensure that client’s nasal cannula is in proper position. Nursing student will assess client’s breathing throughout shift per facility policy (Perry & Potter p.652).	X	Client reported that she was breathing “rather easily” when asked how her breathing was at that time compared to other times.	Nursing student checked client’s O2 saturation which was 95% with 3L O2. Nursing student then readjusted client’s nasal cannula and checked saturation levels 15 min. after intervention. Saturation reached 95%.
	R/T Ventilation-perfusion inequality	Short Term: Client’s O2 saturation will remain higher than 90% throughout the shift.	Nursing student will use pulse/oximeter to check client’s O2 saturation 2x during the shift. Nursing student will “verify that supplemental oxygen delivery system” is properly in place (Perry & Potter p. 652).	X	Client’s saturation levels were 95% at first check of shift.	Nursing student checked O2 saturation levels again near end of shift. Saturation was 94% at final check.
	AEB Client’s dependence on supplemental oxygen.

*I = Implementation. Check those interventions/actions/orders that were implemented

COPD is increased resistance to airflow, loss of elastic recoil and decreased expiratory flow rate.

Neuro / Musculoskeletal Activity: At time of assessment (1345), client was seated in wheelchair watching television. Claimed to have moved to wheelchair from recliner during visit from son. Reported no desire to leave room until dinner. Client is fully dependent for help with ADLs and requires Sarita lift for transfers.

Skin : Damp, smooth. Bilateral tenting on dorsal side of hands. Consistent white color. No visible lesions.

Cardiac: S1, S2 audible in all 5 five cardiac areas. No abnormal heart sounds. Regular heart rate.

Pulmonary: Reported breathing “rather easily” as compared with other days. Exhalation through pursed lips. Receiving 3L O2 through N/C. Wheezing heard in bilateral lower quadrants.

Psychosocial: Alert/oriented to place and time. Pleasant demeanor. Reported being “happy” after son visited. Sat in wheelchair watching television until dinner.

Demographic Information			Health History	Care Prescriptions
Age: xx			Chronic Health Conditions & Previous Health Problems:	Diet: NCS
Gender: F Race: xxx			COPD, IBS, chronic diarrhea	G tube NG tube
Code Status: DNR	Weight: 137.0	Height: 5’3”		Activity: Sarita Lift
Reason for Admission [residents own words]: “Oh, I don’t know. Couldn’t take care of myself anymore, I guess.”

			Medical Complications:	I & O: X voiding Foley catheter
Medical Diagnosis [medical terms]: Depression, end stage COPD, dementia, PVD, HTN, IBS, OA, ETOH/tobacco abuse, chronic diarrhea, diet-controlled DM, rt shoulder pain, mildly elevated troponins.			Tobacco use immobility	Wound Care: N/A
				drains (Type, Location, Drainage from]
				Pulmonary care:
Date of admission: xxxxxx			Nursing Diagnoses (3, prioritized) Impaired gas exchange r/t ventilation-perfusion inequality as evidenced by client’s dependence on supplemental oxygen. Impaired social interaction r/t social isolation because of oxygen use, activity intolerance as evidenced by resident claiming that she never goes to social activities because she requires oxygen all day, everday. Risk for Disuse syndrome: Risk factor: immobilization.	X O2 _2_ L/min via X N/C mask
Previous Surgeries When? N/A				IS q ___ hrs. MDI
				Med. albuterol atrovent other _____________
Allergies: sulfa, latex				Glucometer: ac & hs
				sliding scale insulin
				Other:
Discharge Plan/ Long Term Goals
Treat pain

Name/Dose	Why does resident receive?	Major Side Effects	Nursing Implications
Acetaminophen RP Tylenol 500mg tab POevery 4 hours as needed	As needed for temperature greater than 101degrees Fahrenheit or pain	Hepatotoxicity	Monitor for S&S of hepatotoxicity even with moderate does, especially in individuals with poor nutrition or who have ingested alcohol over prolonged periods. Poisoning from accidental ingestion or suicide attempts.
Bisacodyl RP Dulcolax Insert 1 Suppository in rectum	As needed for constipation	No systemic effects reported. Mild cramping and fluid electrolyte disturbances.	Evaluate periodically the patient’s needs for continued use of drug; bisacodyl usually produces 1 or 2 soft stools daily.
Senna Plus RP Senokot Give PO times daily	As needed for constipation	Abdominal cramping and loss in water and electrolytes	Reduce dose in patients with considerable abdominal cramping
Albuterol RP Proventil 1 dosette with Ipratropium Bromide twice daily	For COPD	Hypersensitivity reaction CNS: tremor anxiety nervousness restlessness convulsions and weakness CV: palpitations, HTN	Monitor therapeutic effectiveness which is indicated by significant subjective improvement in pulmonary function within 60-90 days after drug admin. Watch for S&S of fine tremors in fingers, which may interfere with precision handwork. Also look for tachycardia and GI symptoms those report immediately to physician. Give periodic ABGs, pulmonary functions and pulse oximetry.
Artificial tears Instill 1 drop 4times a day	For dryness	Severe eye pain or vision impairment	Monitor for severe eye pain or visual impairment and stop giving drops immediate if they occur.
Asacol 400mg tab PO twice daily DO NOT CRUSH	For GI	Sensitivity reaction shown in skin, rash purities alopecia, Interstial nephiritis	DO NOT CRUSH. Monitor carefully urinalysis, BUN and creatinine, especially in patients with preexisting kidney disease. The kidney is the major target organ for toxicity. Assess for S&S of allergic type reactions e.g. hives itching wheezing anaphylaxis. Expect response to therapy within 3-21 days.
Caltrate Calcium with vitamin D 600mg tab 1 tab PO daily	For supplement	Constipation or laxative effect, acid rebound. Hypocalcaemia with alkalosis, metastatic calcinosis, hypercalciuria, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia.	Note number and consistency of stools. If constipation problem inform physician may be given with magnesium antacid. Determine serum and urine calcium weekly in patients receiving prolonged therapy and in patients with renal dysfunction. Record amelioration of symptoms of hypocalcaemia. Observe for S&S of hypocalcaemia in patients receiving frequency or high doses.
Cozaar 50mg tab 1 tab PO at bedtime	For HTN. Hold if BP less than 130/70	Dizziness Insomnia, Myalgia, back or leg pain. Nasal congestion, cough, Upper respiratory infection, sinusitis.	Monitor BP at drug trough(prior to a scheduled dose) Monitor drug effectiveness, especially in African Americans. Monitor CBC, electrolytes, liver and kidney function with long term therapy.
Cyanocobalamin 1000mcg/1mL vial injection IM 6^th of every month	For dementia	Anaphylactic shock, sudden death. Peripheral vascular thrombosis (she has PVD should she take this med?)	Monitor potassium levels risk for hyokalemia and sudden death. Monitor vital signs in patient, look for S&S of pulmonary edema.
Folic Acid 1 mg tab 1 tab PO once daily	For dementia	fever, general weakness or discomfort, reddened skin, shortness of breath, skin rash or itching, and wheezing	Monitor for hypersensitivity to folic acid.
Mucinex DM 600 130 mg tab Give 1 tab PO every twelve hours	COPD	Nausea and Drowsiness	DO NOT CRUSH. Persistent cough may indicate a serious condition requiring further diagnostic work. Notify physician if high fever rash or headache develops.
Namenda 5 mg tab 1 tab PO at bedtime	For dementia	Fatigue pain flu like symptoms, peripheral edema. TIA, ataxia, vertigo	Monitor respiratory and CV status, especially with preexisting heart disease. Assess for and report S&S of focal neurological deficits. DO periodic Hct and Hgh, serum sodium, alkaline phosphatase and blood glucose.
Paroxetine 20mg tab Give 1 tab PO daily	Depression	Postural Hypotension, Urinary hesitancy, Isolated reports of elevated liver enzymes. Headache, weakness, sedation, dizziness, insomnia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, sweating, male ejaculatory disturbance.	Monitor for worsening of depression or emergencies of suicidal ideation. Monitor for adverse effects which include headache, weakness, sedation, dizziness, insomnia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, and sweating, male ejaculatory disturbance. Monitor older adults for fluid imbalances. Monitor for suicidal ideation. Monitor for significant weight loss.
Seroquel 25 mg tab Give 2 tab 50 mg Po at bedtime	For Dementia with psychosis.	Asthenia, fever, hyertonia, dysarthria, flu syndrome, weight gain, peripheral edema.	Monitor for changes in behavior that indicate suicidality. Reassess need to continued treatment periodically. Withhold drug and immediately report S&S of tardive dyskinesia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Monitor ECG especially if have known cardiovascular disease.