Nursing Care Plan for Excess fluid volume related to compromised regulatory mechanisms

University

School of Nursing

NUR-360 Clinical Assessment Worksheet

Student Date of Care 8/24 Worksheet # 18

Demographic Information			Health History	Care Prescriptions
Age: 75			Chronic Health Conditions & Previous Health Problems: Type 1 DM, end stage renal disease,	Diet: Heart healthy, Renal
Gender: Male Race: Caucasian			Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dementia, ataxia, Parkinson’s disease, obstructive sleep apnea,	Activity: up to chair with assist of 2/3
Code Status: DNR	Weight: 207.4 bed scale	Height: 175.2 cm	Congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cor pulmonale	IV Access: › saline lock › continuous
Reason for Admission [patients own words]: Patient stated was short of breath during dialysis,				Solution:
Patient had 10 lbs fluid removed after dialysis and became lethargic and short of air				Rate:
			Previous surgeries: [type & year]	I & O: › voiding › Foley catheter › NG tube
Medical Diagnosis [medical terms]: Weakness, anemia, shortness of breath				Wound Care:
				› drains (Type, Location, Drainage from]
				Pulmonary care:
Date of admission: 8/20 2203			Medical Complications: Dyspnea, recent femur Fracture, MRSA blood/cath tip 7/16/12	X O2 2 L/min via X N/C › mask
Surgery: Date:				› IS q ___ hrs. › MDI › HHN
			Nursing Diagnoses (3 - prioritized) 1.Excess fluid volume r/t compromised regulatory mechanisms aeb dyspnea, orthopnea, abnormal breath sounds, edema, and decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit lab values.	Med. › albuterol › atrovent › other _____________
Allergies: Tape, cod liver oil, codeine, hydrocodone, morphine sulfate, sulfa drugs			2. Activity intolerance r/t imbalance between oxygen supply and demand and immobility aeb exertional discomfort, exertional dyspnea, verbal report of fatigue and weakness, oxygen saturation dropping	Glucometer: X ac & hs
			When not laying still.	X sliding scale insulin
			3. Imparied physical mobility r/t intolerance to activity and decreased	Other:
Discharge Plan Needs: Education r/t fluid retention,			Strength and endurance aeb by patient unable to bear weight, get out of
Management of health conditions, med s/e			Bed, limited ability to move lower extremeties, movement induced shortness of breath and drop in O2 sat, and unable to turn to side in bed without assistance.

Describe pathophysiology of primary illnesses (acute and chronic)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Combined genetic, immunologic, and possibly environmental factors are thought to contribute to beta cell destruction. Destruction of beta cells results in decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production by the liver and fasting hyperglycemia. Glucose derived from food cannot be stored in the liver but instead remains in the bloodstream and continues to postprandial hyperglycemia. Glucose appears in the urine when the concentration of glucose in the blood exceeds the renal threshold for glucose. When excess glucose is excreted in the urine, so is excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes. Fat breakdown occurs, resulting in increased production of ketone bodies, byproducts of fat breakdown.

Renal disease causes end products of protein metabolism to accumulate in the blood. The rate of decline in renal function is related to the underlying disorder, urinary excretion of protein, and the presence of hypertension. My patient was being treated for hypertension. Some clinical manifestations of renal disease are cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, severe pain, and restless leg syndrome. End stage renal disease, which my patient has been diagnosed with, is when a patient has sustained enough kidney damage to require renal replacement therapy on a permanent basis. My patient is receiving dialysis 3 times per week to removed excess fluid.

Dementia eventually destroys a person’s ability to function. Neuropathologic and biochemical changes including neurofibrillary tangles and senile or neuritic plaques occur in the cerebral cortex and decrease brain size. Cells that use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are affected and memory processing is decreased.

Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased levels of dopamine resulting from destruction of pigmented neuronal cells in the substantaia nigra in the basal ganglia region of the brain. The loss of dopamine stores result in more excitatory neurotransmitters than inhibitory neurotransmitters, leading to an imbalance that affects voluntary movement. Cellular degeneration impairs the extrapyramidal tracts that control semiautomatic functions and coordinated movements. Cardinal signs of Parkinson’s disease are tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. My patient was unable to bear any weight or walk and had very slow movements. I didn’t notice any tremors; probably because my client was taking medication to control tremors.

Ataxia is the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking, talking, and performing self-care activities. Mutations of genes cause damage to pathways in the brain. My patient did have some impaired coordination of movement. He was able to feed himself but often spilled things and needed to be cleaned up afterward. He was unable to walk and unable to perform any part of his bath.

Hypertension is a multifactorial condition and is the result of a change in one or more factors affecting peripheral resistance or cardiac output. The body’s control systems that monitor and regulate pressure are also altered. My patient has fluid overload and it is possible that the main cause of his hypertension is decreased vasodilatation of the arterioles related to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium.

Hyperlipidemia is decreased clearance of triglyceride rich lipoproteins due to inhibition of lipoprotein lipase and triglyceride lipase. Peripheral insulin resistance and hyperthyroidism also contribute to lipid abnormalities. My patient is hypertensive and type 1 diabetic.

Congestive heart failure is a fluid overload condition associated with heart failure. It is the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to the meet the needs of the tissues for oxygen and nutrients. Heart failure can result from chronic hypertension which my client is being treated for, and symptoms are shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. My patient is often short of breath and is often fatigued at rest.

Cor pulmonale is right side heart failure triggered by long term hypertension in the pulmonary arteries. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and has to work much harder when there is high blood pressure in the arteries. COPD and obstructive sleep apnea also contribute to cor pulmonale; both of which my patient have. Shortness of breath and light headedness is often a first symptom. My patient is often short of breath and has been becoming lethargic during dialysis. Later signs are swelling of the feet and ankles. My patient had 2+ pitting edema in his ankles and top of feet.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. In COPD, airflow limitation is both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases. Because of the chronic inflammation and the body’s attempts to repair it, changes and narrowing occur in the airways. Alveolar wall destruction leads to loss of alveolar attachments and decrease in elastic recoil. Chronic inflammatory process affects the pulmonary vasculature and causes thickening of the lining of the vessel and hypertrophy of smooth muscle. My patient’s medical record showed a history of smoking, however it said unknown as to how long or when he stopped. He did cough often, however no sputum. He was often short of air and was using his belly to breath.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and reduction in ventilation. It is defined as cessation of breathing during sleep usually caused by repetitive upper airway obstruction. It interferes with a person’s ability to obtain adequate rest, thus affecting memory, learning, and decision making. Risk factors are obesity, male gender, and advanced age. My patient was overweight, male, and 75 years old. The tone of muscles of the upper airway is reduced during sleep. Small amounts of negative pressure are generated during inspiration, and with sleep related changes predispose upper airway collapse. People with obstructive sleep apnea have a high prevalence of hypertension and an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. My patient was being treated for hypertension. It is important my patient be treated because people with obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure are at risk for death. Obstructive sleep apnea in the absence of identifiable cardiovascular disease can increase insulin resistance and other metabolic changes that can increase the risk of vascular disease. Repetitive apneic events result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. This is another reason why my patient was on continuous pulse oximeter.

(Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010).

Medications

Name	Action	Major Side Effects	Nursing Implications
Amlodipine 5mg/oral/once a day Start 8/21 0645	Antihypertensive, calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium ion influx across cardiac/smooth muscle cells, dilates coronary arteries, decreases BP	Headache, somnolence, fatigue, dizziness, light-headedness, asthenia, paresthesia, edema, flushing, palpitations, dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, sexual difficulties, muscle cramps, dyspnea, rash, pruritis	Monitor patient carefully, monitor BP, monitor for swelling of hands or feet, monitor for shortness of breath. Assess BP/angina before therapy and during
Aspirin Enteric Coated 81mg/oral/once a day Start 8/21 0647	Inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and platelet aggregation, NSAID, makes platelets less sticky	Tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea, dyspepsia, GI distress, occult bleeding, renal insufficiency, prolonged bleeding time, rash, bruising, urticaria	Monitor blood pressure closely, Avoid use with ginko biloba, may decrease antihypertensive effects, monitor BP closely. May increase risk of bleeding, take with full glass of water
Bumetanide 1mg/oral/2x day Start 8/21 0645	Diuretic, Loop diuretic	Dizziness, headache, vertigo, orthostatic hypotension, oliguria, volume depletion and dehydration, hypokalemia, hyphochloremic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, rash, pruritus, asymptomatic hyperuricemia	Monitor glucose level, monitor potassium and digoxin level, asses for signs and symptoms of excessive diuretic response,
Buspirone 10mg/oral/2x day Start 8/21 0650	Anxiolytic, may inhibit neuronal firing and reduce serotonin turnover in cortical, amygdaloid, and septohippocampal tissue	Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nervousness, insomnia, light-headedness, fatigue, numbness, excitement, confusion, depression, anger, tachycardia, chest, blurred vision, dry mouth, diarrhea	Monitor patient closely for adverse CNS reactions, don’t give drug with grapefruit juice, give drug at same times each day
Carbidopa + Levodopa 25mg-100mg ERT 2 tablets/ oral/4x day Start 8/21 0650	Antiparkinsonian, decarboxylase inhibitor and dopamine precursor, relieves parkinsonian symptoms by being converted to dopamine in the brain	Syncope, dizziness, headache, cardiac irregularities, hypertension, hypotension, palpitations, constipation, dry mouth, GI bleeding, taste alterations, vomiting, muscle cramps, shoulder pain, nausea, dyspnea, sweating	Monitor blood pressure, may increase ALT, AST, alkaline phosphates, LDH, bilirubin levels. My decrease hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Monitor vital signs, use cautiously in patients with severe CV, renal, hepatic, endocrine, or pulmonary disorders
Docusate 100mg/oral/2x day Start 8/21 0652	Laxative, surfactant, stool softener	Bitter taste, mild abdominal cramping, diarrhea, laxative dependence with long term use	Monitor abdominal pain/discomfort, bowel movement
Donepezil 5mg/oral/once a day Start 8/21 0652	Anti-Alzheimer, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	Headache, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, chest pain, bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, GI bleeding, weight loss, dehydration, muscle cramps, bone fracture, dyspnea	Monitor vital signs, improvement in signs of Alzheimer type dementia, occult GI bleeding
Furosemide 80mg/oral/once a day Start 8/21 0645	Loop diuretic, antihypertensive, inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption at the proximal and distal tubules and the ascending loop of Henle	Vertigo, dizziness, weakness, tinnitus, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, anemia, volume depletion and dehydration, impaired glucose tolerance, hypocalcemia, muscle spasm, gout	May increase cholesterol, glucose, BUN, creatinine, uric acid levels. May decrease calcium, hemoglobin, magnesium, potassium and sodium levels. May decrease granulocyte, platelet, and WBC counts. Monitor weight, BP, pulse rate. Monitor fluid intake and output, glucose level, potassium level.
Hydralazine 50mg/oral/3x day Start 8/21 0646	Antihypertensive, peripheral dilator	Headache, peripheral neuritis, dizziness, angina pectoris, palpitations, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, edema, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, nasal congestion, thrombocytopenia	Monitor BP, may cause severe hypotension
Hydroxychloroquine 200mg/oral/once a day Start 0656	Antimalarial, aminoquinoline, also for autoimmune problems	Seizures, irritability, ataxia, vertigo, dizziness, cardiomyopathy, difficulty focusing eyes, diarrhea, vomiting, muscle weakness, anemia, alopecia	Monitor drug levels, may increase digoxin level, may decrease GI absorption
Insulin lispro 10 units/ SubQ/3x day Before meal Start 8/21 0735	Humalog, antidiabetic, pancreatic hormone	Blurred vision, dry mouth, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, swelling, redness, stinging at injection site, dyspnea, anaphylaxis	Monitor glucose level, monitor patients diet
Isosorbide mononitrate Ext Release 30mg/oral/once a day Start 8/21 0930	Antianginal, nitrate, thought to reduce cardiac oxygen demand by decreasing preload and afterload. Drug also may increase blood flow through the collateral coronary vessels.	Headache, dizziness, weakness, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, palpitation, ankle edema, flushing, nausea, vomiting, cutaneous vasodilation, rash	Use cautiously in patients with blood volume depletion, monitor BP and heart rate
Magnesium Oxide 800mg/oral/2x day Start 8/21 0656	Antacid, magnesium salt	Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, hypermagnesemia	Monitor lab values, bowel movement
Metoprolol succinate 24Hr Ext Release 25mg/oral/2x day Start 8/21 0645	Antihypertensive, beta blocker, blocks beta 1 receptors, decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance	Fatigue, dizziness, depression, hypotension, bradycardia heart failure, AV block, edema, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, dyspnea, wheezing, rash	Use cautiously in patient with heart failure and diabetes. Check patients apical pulse rate before giving drug. If slower that 60 bpm withhold drug and call prescriber. In diabetic patients, monitor glucose levels. Monitor BP.
Multivitamin, Therapeutic 1 tablet/oral/daily Start 8/21 0745	Multi vitamin, supplement	Nausea, gastrointestinal upset	Monitor lab values
Ofloxacin Opthalmic 2 drops/3x a day Right day Start 8/21 0809	Antibiotic, fluoroquinolone	Dizziness, vertigo, transient ocular burning or discomfort, eye dryness, eye pain, itching, lacrimation, periocular or facial edema, eye redness, earache, taste perversion	Monitor fever, symptomatic improvement. Take with fluids
Omeprazole 40mg/oral/2x day Start 08/21 0652	Antiulcer, proton pump inhibitor, inhibits proton pump activity by binding to hydrogen potassium edemosine triphosphatase located at secretory surface of gastric parietal cells, to suppress gastric acid secretion	Asthenia, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, back pain, cough, upper respiratory tract infection, rash	Monitor magnesium level and signs and symptoms of low magnesium including abnormal heart rate or rhythm, palpitations, muscle spasms, tremors, or seizures
Ropinirole 3mg/oral/4x day Start 8/21 2059	Antiparkinson, nonergot dopamine agonist, stimulates dopamine (D2) receptors	Cough, muscle cramps, dry mouth, dyspnea, falls, dizziness, fatigue, headache, hypotension, tremor, pain, sweating, anemia	Use cautiously in patients with severe renal impairment
Rosuvastatin 10mg/oral/once a day Start 08/21 0655	Antilipemic, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor	Anxiety, asthenia, depression, dizziness, headache, pain, vertigo, chest pain, peripheral edema, vasodilation, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, DM, back pain, asthma dyspnea, cough, pneumonia	Monitor lipid panel, liver function
Ursodiol 500mg/oral/2x day Start 08/21 0652	Concentrated in bile, decreases biliary cholesterol saturation by suppressing hepatic synthesis and secretion of cholesterol, and by inhibiting its intestinal absorption. Reduced cholesterol saturation permits the gradual solubilization of cholesterol from gallstones, resulting in their eventual dissolution. Increases bile flow.	Rash, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, backache, dizziness, bronchitis, cough, pharyngitis, upper respiratory infection	Take with food

LAB VALUES/TEST RESULTS

a. Important lab tests to monitor Why? (Consider diagnosis, pre-existing conditions, medications, complications, etc)

Hgb	Carbidopa + Levodopa and Lasix lowers Hgb, anemia, O2, Dialysis patients are often chronically anemic
Hct	Carbidopa + Levodopa lowers Hct, anemia, O2
BUN	Hydration status, patient on Lasix and has renal disease
Glucose	Patient is type 1 diabetic
Cr	Patient end stage renal disease

b. Hematology Normal values Patient’s Values (include serial labs) Significance for this patient

		Date 8/22/12	Date 8/23/12	Date 8/24/12
WBC	4.8-10.8	9.3	8.6	9.0	Carbidopa + Levodopa may lower WBC count
Bands
Segs
Plt	130-450	139	165	171
Hgb	14.0-18.0	8.7	9.0	9.2	Carbidopa + Levodopa and Lasix lowers Hgb, anemia, O2
Hct	42.0-52.0	26.0	26.7	27.8	Carbidopa + Levodopa lowers Hct, anemia, O2
RBC	4.7-6.10	2.83	2.95	3.04	Hgb, Hct level, anemia, kidney failure, CHF

c. Chemistry Normal values Patient’s Values (include serial labs) Significance for this patient

K+	3.5-5.0	3.0	3.3	4.1	May be dilutional due to excess fluid
Na+	135-145	134	133	132	Lasix can lower sodium levels, May be dilutional due to excess fluid
Cl-	98-111	100	99	98	May be dilutional due to excess fluid
CO2	21-31	29	31	29
BUN	6-20	13	21	14	Lasix can increase BUN, May be dilutional due to excess fluid
Cr	0.5-1.2	1.8	2.5	1.9	Assess kidney function
Glucose	70-100	147	206	173	Patient is Type 1 DM, Lasix can increase glucose levels
Albumin

d. Coagulation Normal values Patient’s Values (include serial labs) Significance for this patient

PT
INR
PTT

e. Urine Normal values Patient’s Values (include serial labs) Significance for this patient

Color
Appearance
Spec. gravity
PH
Glucose
Ketones
Nitrates
RBCs
WBCs
Casts
Protein

f. ABGs Normal values Patient’s Values (include serial labs) Significance for this patient

pH
PaCO₂
HCO₃
PaO₂
SaO₂

g. Other Normal values Patient’s Values (include serial labs) Significance for this patient

Ca+

8.4-10.2

7.9

8.1

8.0

Lasix can decrease calcium. Patient recently had femur fracture. Bone health

h. Pertinent x-rays or radiological studies 8/20/12 1. Interval placement of tunneled right internal jugular dialysis catheter with tip of the catheter overlying the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava with no pneumothorax. 2. Cardiomegaly 3. Mild congestive heart failure

8/23/12 XRay chest 2 views. Cardiomegaly is unchanged, right IJ Shiley catheter is also unchanged. Bibasilar opacities with perihilar haze. Findings are overall unchanged compared to the prior exam. No change in findings of pulmonary edema and likely congestive heart failure.

i. Other (e.g. EKG / telemetry) 8/20/12 Electrocardiogram; Prolonged QT, Vent. Rate 67 bpm, PR interval 136ms, QRS duration 94ms, QT/QTc 446-471ms, P-R-T axes 21 61 49

You’re Assessment of the Patient

History of present illness: The patient is a 75 year old male who was recently discharged from the hospital. The patient was at hemodialysis when he was found to be increasingly lethargic and fatigued and with shortness of breath. For that reason, he was sent to the emergency department and was found to have some pulmonary congestion, and also some anemia, and was admitted. Patient has been having increased fluid overload and they have been trying to get increased fluid off. Because of this, the patient has been getting more lethargic at hemodialysis , and at this time patient needs to get some transfusion so they can more aggressively remove fluids. For that reason, the patient was admitted to the hospital.

Pulmonary: This is a nice 75 year old gentleman who has a history of end stage renal disease, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cor pulmonale, who was presented to the hospital because he has been having some difficulty breathing and possible volume overload. The patient had hemodialysis yesterday, but today continued to have significant shortness of breath, using accessory muscles. He has been coughing, but no sputum. No fever, no chills. No loss of consciousness. No dysphagia or odynophagia. No signs of aspiration. No reports of any abdominal pain. Normal bowel movement. No dysuria, hematuria or urgency. No significant leg swelling.

Renal 8/20: The patient is a 75 year old man with advanced chronic kidney disease now on dialysis, dementia, and diabetes, admitted with shortness of breath and weakness. The patient has noted on dialysis yesterday to have significant shortness of breath. He has been having shortness of breath since Friday. An x-ray done Friday did show some mild congestive heart failure and aggressive fluid removal was attempted during dialysis yesterday. However, the patients breathing did not significantly improve; he was feeling weak and not feeling well overall. The patient now reports feeling slightly better. His hemoglobin upon admission was found to be 7.4 and he relieved blood transfusions.

Vital Signs: Time 0500 Temp 100.1 HR 71 BP 130/60 RR 34 O2 sat 100

Time 1000 Temp 97.9 HR 89 BP 149/67 RR 30 O2 sat 99

Time 1300 Temp 97.6 HR 71 BP 126/71 RR 32 O2 sat 99

Neuro / Musculoskeletal Activity (Movement, Strength, Sensation): Patient is alert, easily aroused, and oriented X2 to person and place. Sensation of extremities found to be intact by patient confirming when he felt touch. Patient unable to feel very light touch. Patient identified areas of pain (knee and shoulder). Patient able to move upper extremities on own symmetrically with equal strength. Patient unable to freely move legs. Can help to move legs in bed when being assisted. Patient able to get from bed to chair with assist of at least 2 people. Patient stated could not walk or bear any weight on lower extremities. Patient in bed and chair at all times.

Skin (CUSPS/4Ts): Patients skin warm, dry, intact for most part. Peri area was moist with some chaffing, redness and bleeding. Patient had fungus on nails and toenails. Skin color even throughout. No ulcerations. No scarring. Some swelling in lower extremities. 2+ pitting edema bilateral ankles. Patient stated left knee felt sore after moving back into bed from chair. Patient also stated right should was hurting. No tenting of skin. Some irritation on neck from nasal cannula. No clubbing. No cyanosis. Patient appeared pale but also was fair skinned.

Cardiac (Heart Sounds, Rate & Rhythm, Capillary Refill, Radial & Pedal Pulses): Heart regular rhythm, rate high at times. No murmur. S1 auscultated at apex, S2 auscultated at base. Capillary refill in less than 5 seconds. Used tips of fingers and tips of middle toes because nails were dark brown and brittle because of fungus. Radial and pedal pulses palpable and equal bilaterally.

Pulmonary (Lung sounds, Rate, Rhythm, Effort): Auscultated lungs, clear bilaterally. Symmetrical chest movement. Mucous membranes pink. Patient often feels short of air. Labored breathing at all times. Using belly and accessory muscles to breathe. Nasal flaring while breathing. Can hear patient breathing. O2 sat dropped upon any type of exertion or moving in bed. Patient on O2 2 L/min via nasal cannula.

GI / Nutritional Status (Diet, Weight, Bowel Sounds, Abdomen-Flat/Distended & Soft/Firm, Last BM): Active bowel sounds in all 4 quadrants. Patient states no feelings of nausea. Patient being weighed using bed scale. Patient on heart healthy, renal diet. Abdomen soft and non tender. Abdomen distended due to excess fluid. Patient ate 100% breakfast. Patient did not like lunch on 8/24. Requested peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Nurse approved jelly sandwich only. Last bowel movement 8/24. Soft, brown stool. No masses.

GU/Reproductive (Urine Color and Amount, Menses for Women): Patient urine not measured, using brief. Yellow.

Psychosocial: Patient had some anxiety related to shortness of breath. Patient also saw booklet titled ‘heart failure’ on his tray table that the doctor had left him with his name on it. Patient asked ‘do I have a bad heart?’ He seemed a bit upset and unaware of his medical history and diagnosis. Patient widowed. No family came to visit. Lives at Clark Nursing and Rehabilitation Center. Patient cooperative and pleasant to work with. Patient is hard of hearing so have to get very close to him for him to understand you. Once he hears you, his responses are appropriate. Patient enjoys watching tv. Doesn’t enjoy reading because says he can’t get his eyes to focus.

Learning Needs: Continue to monitor diet, comply with doctors orders of diet and restrictions, continue to monitor blood glucose levels, management of health conditions.

Date/Time	Nurses Notes
08/24 0645	Night shift nurse states physical therapy and occupational therapy working with patient. States patient dialysis MWF. Patient in contact isolation, hard of hearing. High risk for falls, DNR. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8/24 0700	Entered patient room. Patient asleep. Patient on O2 2 L/min via nasal cannula and continuous pulse oximiter. ---------------------
8/24 0730	Initial assessment completed. Active bowel sounds in all 4 quadrants. Patient states no current feelings of nausea and pain 0/10. Skin warm, dry, intact with exception of groin area. Moist and chaffed. Patient easily aroused and alert. Patient oriented X2 to person and place. Patient on heart healthy renal diet. Auscultated lungs-clear bilaterally. Heart regular rhythm and rate. No murmur. Capillary refill in less than 5 seconds. Used tips of fingers and toes because fingernails and toenails had fungal infection. Radial and pedal pulses palpable and equal bilaterally. Respirations very labored. Patient using accessory muscles and belly to breath. Nasal flaring and wheezing when inhales on occasion. Patient states feels short of air often. Patient sacrum red. Scrotum extremely swollen and red. Patient had bowel movement this am. -----------------
8/24 0830	Complete bed bath provided. Patient’s O2 sat decreased and HR increased during bath especially at times when patient had to hold onto side rail to try and support himself while turned to the side. After bath assisted with help of clinical instructor and aide to move patient to chair to eat breakfast. Patient had English muffin with egg and cheese, oatmeal, coffee, milk, apple juice. Ate 100% and drank 100%. Patient did request sugar. Accucheck before breakfast 143. Administered 11 units Humalog. 10 units before meal ordered. 1 unit sliding scale. While patient in chair eating breakfast, changed bed linens. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8/24 0900	Administed oral medication and eye drops to right eye. Hydralazine not in med cart. Sent note to pharmacy. Patient tolerated well. Swallowed all pills at once with water. Patient ordered by nurse to stay in chair for at least 2 hours before was able to return to bed. Reclined patient with pillows for support, covered with blanket and moved close to tv. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8/24 1100	Patient was administed insulin before lunch. Blood glucose 207. Patient to receive 13 units of Humalog. 10 units before meal. 3 units sliding scale. Patient remained in chair for lunch. Break for lunch. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8/24 1240	Upon returning to floor, patient in bed. Assessed meal tray. 95% untouched. Patient had salad spilled in bed. Cleaned bed and patient up. Asked why he hadn’t eaten. Said did not like the meal. Requested peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Nurse approved jelly sandwich only. Patient ate jelly sandwich and pears. Patient resting in bed watching tv. -------------------------------------------------------------------
8/24 1330	Administered oral medications. Patient took all pills at once with water. Administed eye drops to right eye. Patient tolerated well. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
08/24 1400	Afternoon assessment complete. Patient stated after moving from chair to bed shoulder and knee felt sore. Requested pain med. Doctor said she would put in order. Patient alert, oriented X2. Lungs clear. Radial and pedal pulses felt bilaterally. Active bowel sounds in all 4 quadrants. Patient breathing labored. Patient turned. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 2

Medical Diagnoses: Excess fluid volume related to compromised regulatory mechanisms, Activity intolerance, and Impaired physical mobility